Magnets come in different types such as permanent magnets, temporary magnets, and electromagnets.
Permanent magnets- Retain their magnetism once magnetized. These are divided in four categories:
-Neodymium iron boron (NdFeB)- They are composed of rare earth magnetic materials and have a high level of coercive force. Strong magnets that are difficult to demagnetize. Have low mechanical strength and usually brittle.
-Samarium cobalt (SmCo)- Very strong and difficult to demagnetize, oxidation and temperature resistant. Also with low mechanical strength they come in two types based on their energy range being Sm1Co5 and Sm2Co17.
-Alnico magnets- High magnetic strength, temperature stability and can be made into complex shaped which is not possible with other magnet materials. Used routinely in oil and gas, medical, aerospace military and defense, industrial automation, automotive, and manufacturing industry.
-Ceramic/Ferrite magnets- Lowest cost hard magnets, resistance to oxidation and preferred choice for all types of consumer, commercial and industrial applications.
Temporary magnets are materials that are like magnets when in a magnetic field but lose all magnetism when outside of it. Useful in telephones, loud speakers, electric motors and generators.
Electromagnets are coils of wire that function as magnets when an electrical current is passing through. The strength of the magnet is altered based on the strength and direction of the current. Used in applications that require strength like cranes used for heavy lifting or electronic applications like televisions, radios, and videotapes.
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